Host Networking

Explains how modern servers move packets through NIC silicon, PCIe, DMA, descriptor rings, and the kernel data path.

Explores five paths for packets to enter a VM, covering vring, ioeventfd, irqfd, vhost-net, vhost-user, SR-IOV, and vDPA.

Explores how pods use network namespaces, veth pairs, bridges, iptables, and conntrack, covering the container networking stack from isolation primitives to cross-node packet paths under VXLAN and BGP.

Explores eBPF-based CNI design, identity-based policy, and the convergence of service mesh with the dataplane, covering programmable dataplanes, policy decoupling, and L7 integration.